Abstract & Overview
Ammonia is emerging as a promising hydrogen carrier due to its high hydrogen content (17.6 wt%) and favorable storage and transport properties. This review highlights the growing potential of ammonia decomposition for sustainable hydrogen production, particularly in portable and industrial applications. The focus is on catalyst development, especially non-noble metals such as iron, cobalt, and nickel, which are gaining traction due to enhanced support structures, metal dispersion, and promoters. Recent efforts also emphasize the role of novel catalytic materials with high thermal stability and resistance to deactivation under reaction conditions. Reactor innovations including microreactors, monolithic reactors, and membrane systems enable integrated decomposition and hydrogen purification. Techno-economic assessments further confirm the feasibility of ammonia cracking, especially when integrated with renewable energy sources, indicating competitive hydrogen production costs compared to conventional methods. These advancements make ammonia decomposition a scalable, cost-effective route for clean hydrogen, aiding the global shift to a low-carbon energy future.